The hardiest microorganisms on the planet are fungi. They withstand virtually any conditions: neither cold nor heat, neither darkness nor blinding light can harm them. Even radiation benefits them — in areas with elevated radiation levels, fungi reproduce much more actively. The only thing they cannot survive without is moisture.
Scientists have identified more than two hundred thousand varieties of micromycetes — microscopic fungi. Those that cause fungal diseases — mycoses — make up only about a hundred species, yet they “cast a shadow” over the entire population. Such fungi can parasitize the skin, mucous membranes, hair, nails, and even internal organs, such as the lungs.
Researchers have found that the body of a healthy person hosts more than two hundred species of fungi that normally do not cause any harm. As long as our microbiota is kept under the control of the immune system, our health is not at risk. But as soon as the slightest disruption occurs, fungi begin to multiply rapidly.
According to the journal Nature, the greatest number of fungal species lives on the skin of the feet — from 80 to 100 species. The most “densely populated” area is the heels. This is where optimal conditions for fungal growth are created: the heels have a relatively low temperature and, due to wearing shoes, remain almost constantly moist.
In second place in terms of fungal biodiversity are the nails. On average, about 60 species of micromycetes live beneath our nails. Forty types are consistently present between the toes. Between 18 and 32 species of microscopic fungi can be found on the palms, forearms, and elbow folds, and up to 10 species — on the torso and head, particularly in the outer ears and behind the ears. The least fungus-populated part of our body is the bridge of the nose: here, the number of fungal species is limited to just a few.
To prevent these microorganisms from turning into our worst enemies, it is usually enough to follow basic safety rules. Do not use other people’s hygiene items, and do not take antibiotics without real necessity — they promote fungal growth. Wear only your own shoes, and above all, maintain proper personal hygiene.
Text by Yulia Zemtsova
Cover photo by Philip Ackermann
Translated from Russian by Sofia Zemtsova
